In 1744 war was declared by Great Britain against France, and the following year Governor Shirley formed the project of taking Louisburg. In this expedition Reuben Tupper enlisted. He appears to have been a valiant soldier; for in 1752 it was asserted that he had done considerable in the late war, and in 1754 he had his taxes remitted for his services. He was a son of Thomas and Remember Tupper, and brother to Benjamin. He died at Sharon in 1776.

William Coney also appears on the roll of Louisburg soldiers. James Wentworth, the son of Shubael; James Bailey, the son of Richard, of Packeen; Uriel Lyon, the son of Elhanan, then seventeen years of age; John Hixson, Benjamin Warren, Elijah Pitcher, and Joseph Jordan, - were all absent in 1746 on his Majesty's service; and Thomas Rogers, the son of Thomas and Joanna, never returned, but died in the war. During the year 1755 a war broke out between France and England; and in many old towns documentary reference is made to the Neutral French. They inhabited the province of Nova Scotia, then called Acadia. Emigrants from France had early formed settlements along the Bay of Fundy, and had enjoyed in contentment, until the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713, the delights of rural and agricultural life. They were attached to the religion and government of their native land and refused to take the oath of allegiance to the British Crown, and on account of this neutrality were known as the Neutral French.

Raynal has thus pleaded their cause before history: —

"A simple and a kindly people, who had no liking for blood. Agriculture was their occupation; they had been settled in the low grounds, forcing back by dint of dykes the sea and rivers wherewith those plains were covered. The drained marshes produced wheat, rye, oats, barley, and maize. Immense prairies were alive with numerous flocks ; as many as sixty thousand horned cattle were counted there. The habitations, nearly all built of wood, were very commodious, and furnished with the neatness sometimes found amongst our European farmers in the easiest circumstances. Their manners were extremely simple; the little differences which might from time to time arise between the colonists were always amicably settled by the elders. It was a band of brothers, all equally ready to give or receive that which they considered common to all men."

War and its horrors broke in upon this peaceful scene. On the 5th of September, 1755, four hundred and eighteen heads of families were summoned to meet in the church of Grand-Pre. The same order had been given throughout all the towns of Acadia. The anxious farmers had all obeyed. Colonel Winslow, commanding the Massachusetts Militia, repaired thither with great array. " It is a painful duty which brings me here," he said. "I have orders to inform you that your lands, your crops, and your houses are all confiscated to the profit of the Crown; you can carry off your money and your linen on your deportation from the province." The order was accompanied by no explanation; nor did it admit of any. All the heads of families were at once surrounded by the soldiers. By tens, and under safe escort, they were permitted to visit once more the fields which they had cultivated, the houses in which they had seen their children grow up.

" Soon o'er the yellow fields, in silent and mournful procession, Came from the neighboring hamlets and farms the Acadian women, Driving in ponderous wains their household goods to the sea-shore, Pausing and looking back to gaze once more on their dwellings, Ere they were shut from sight by the winding road and the woodland. Close to their sides their children ran, and urged on the oxen, While in their little hands they clasped some fragments of playthings."

On the 10th they embarked, passing, on their way to the ships, between two rows of women and children in tears.

. . . On a sudden the church-doors opened, and forth came the guard, and marching in gloomy procession Followed the long-imprisoned, but patient, Acadian farmers. Even as pilgrims, who journey afar from their homes a.id their countrv. Sing as they go, and in singing forget they are weary and way worn. So with songs on their lips the Acadian peasants descended Down from the church to the shore, amid their wives and their daughters. Foremost the young men came; and, raising together their voices. Sang with tremulous lips a chant of the Catholic Missions: ' Sacred heart of the Saviour! O inexhaustible fountain ! Fill our hearts this day with strength and submission and patience !' Then the old men, as they marched, and the women that stood by the wayside

As we read the tender words of the poet, our minds wander back to that primitive people, and their story falls with a new and fresh pathos into our hearts. The words are indeed fulfilled, "One generation passeth away, and another cometh." Their cries of anguish reach not our ears, but the memory of their sufferings appeals to the soul with an eloquence transcending that of words. We seem to be standing with these simple Acadians on the shore.

We seem to see Charles Leblanc among that unhappy throng, pleading that his wife and family may not be separated from him, and rejoice with him as he obtains the consent of the commander that on account of his weak and sickly condition, his family may embark in the same vessel with him. We seem to see him, as on the deck of the outward-bound ship he watches the slowly retreating coast-line of his home, and thinks of the dear friends that are now, like him, torn from all they hold dear, and soon to be seeking from town to town, among the Anglo-Americans, the charity New England has always been ready to give. In the cool of a November evening the vessel entered the harbor of Boston, and moved slowly to her anchorage.

Of the one thousand that landed at Boston about this time, seven persons had been assigned by the Great and General Court to the town of Stoughton,— Honore Burbin; Ann, his wife, and Peter, his son; Charles Leblanc, whom I judge to have belonged to the village of Laudry, having been while there the owner of four oxen, six cows, six young cattle, thirty-five sheep, twelve hogs, and one horse; his brother James, their wives and children. They arrived, under charge of Jeremiah Ingraham, within the borders of the town, and stopped at the house of Mr. William Royall, under Blue Hill, where they were taken in and tenderly cared for. Were they sick, Dr. Nathan Bucknam was immediately sent for; and he made them many "vizets," and "medacines" he gave them in good quantity. Were their wives in anticipation of adding one Franco-American to the population of the town, Mr. Richard Hixson was ready, in the town's behalf, to fetch a midwife from Roxbury. Houses were provided for their occupation rent free, and an abundance of mutton, chickens, pigeons, pork, potatoes, corn, and milk was given them for their sustenance, as the following ancient account, kept by the selectmen in pursuance to an order of council^ shows. We quote from the original faded yellow documents.

                                                                                                                                                                Province of the 

                                                                                                                                                                Massachusetts Bay. 

                                                                                                             Confented to,                     S. Phips.

In January, 1758, seven of the French were brought from Needham to this town, three of whom were transferred to Wrentham. From Feb. 13, 1758, to Jan. 2, 1760, the expense of supporting the French was ,£18 16s. 2d. The following is a copy of the original bill of the charges to the following August: — .

laft. For four Pounds of Beef & 3 piftereens ....                                                                 0 - 4 - 6 - 3

weeks..................                                                                                                            3 - 4 - 0 - 0

For half a bufhel of Corn & Seven pound of Beef ....                                                         0 - 3 - 2 - 3

For Cafh to pay for twelve pounds of fheep's wool . . .                                                       0 - 16 - 0 - 0

To Doct. Bucknam, his ac't. for y^e Neuteralls in Sicknefs .                                                   1 - 18 - 0 - 0 

To fifteen Cord of firewood for y^e Neuteralls..                                                                     2 - 10 - 0 - 0

To Houfe Rent about eight months........                                                                               0 - 17 - 9 - 3

                                                                                                                                               Nath'l May,   Selectman

                                                                                                                                                  Job Swift, 

On the 22d of August, 1760, the selectmen received a letter from Samuel Watts, one of the committee appointed by the General Court to dispose of the French Neutrals in the county of Suffolk, directing that four of those allotted to Stoughton — namely, James Leblanc, his wife, and two children - were to be removed to the town of Dorchester, and there to be taken care of and supported, agreeable to the order of the Great and General Court; and the selectmen were further ordered to transmit to Watts the names of all the French Neutrals who should remove from the town, the time of removal, etc. The order was executed on the 28th, Mr. Joseph Billings and Nathaniel May carrying Leblanc, his wife, and two children to Dorchester.

So these Acadians sought among strangers a home. Some, indeed, returned to France, the land of their ancestors, and settled in the vicinity of Bordeaux, where their descendants still form a prosperous community. Others went to the far south, and on the banks of the Mississippi founded settlements which, in honor of their lost home, they designated Acadia. The King of France, Louis XV., in spite of the declaration of war, begged that he might be allowed to send ships along the American coast to pick up these expatriated people. But the inexorable Grenville replied that France could not send ships among our colonies. "I know not," says Bancroft, "if the annals of the human race keep the record of sorrows so wantonly inflicted, so bitter and so perennial as fell upon the French inhabitants of Acadia."^{1 So were these inoffensive people, whose only care had been their flocks, scattered from their homes and from one another. In their land —}

During the time of war, whenever our arms were victorious, festivals and thanksgiving of praise were offered to God; and on the other hand, when a squadron of French were in our northern waters, or disaster seemed about to overtake us from Indians, from earthquakes, drought, and insects, days of solemn fasting, humiliation, and prayer were held, in which the divine guidance was sought and the covenant with God and with one another renewed.

On June 17, 1745, Mr, Dunbar makes the following record: —

"This day our forces against the French at Cape Breton (for the success of which expedition there were two days of public fasting and prayer) had the city and fortress all surrendered to them, and they have taken possession of them. Blessed be God, who heareth prayer ! "

On the following day, public thanksgiving was held on account of the successes at Cape Breton and Louisburg. Mr. Dunbar preached from Judges v. 12.

On Nov. 27, 1745, a public thanksgiving was held in the church, and "particular notice taken in the proclamation of God's great goodness in his wonderful defeat of the French fleet in these Northern seas, by a dreadful mortal sickness and by repeated storms." Mr. Dunbar preached on this occasion from Ex. xv. 4.

On August 28, 1755, "A general fast was held on account of the defeat of General Braddock's army at the Ohio;" and again, on June 30, 1757, there was a public fast on account of war and drought, and Mr. Dunbar makes an especial record of the answer which was received from a prayer-hearing God. He says : —

"A private fast was held on June 22, 1757, on account of God's Judgment upon the land, especially war and drought. The very next day God sent us in the morning and towards evening showers of rain. On June 30 the same thing was tried again; a public fast was held on account of war and drought, and on the Tuesday following God gave a plentiful rain, and the next day plentiful showers of rain, by which he abundantly watered the earth."

"Thanks," says the old pastor, "to a prayer-hearing God." Another instance occurred in 1762, July 28, when a general fast was held "on account of a very severe and distressing drought; and two days after, God gave us a moderate and plentiful rain,—a gracious answer to our prayers." A public thanksgiving was held in the church, Oct. 25, 1759, "for the success God has given our armies, especially for the reduction of Quebec, the capital of Canada," and again, Oct. 9, 1760, "for the reduction of Montreal and all Canada to the British arms."

In 1754 John Trask, George Forrest, and Benjamin Rogers appear in the roll of Capt. Nathan Perry's company, who marched to the eastward. This year Benjamin Esty, in consequence of services in the late war, had his taxes remitted by the town. He was at the eastward from April 10, 1750, to the end of the year. Benjamin Blackman was in Capt. William Pierce's company. He returned to Stoughton on the 28th of September, and came very near dying from fever contracted in the service. He was the son of Deacon Benjamin Blackman, and was born May 4, 1712; he died in 1761.

Although the expedition to Acadia had proved successful, the troops engaged in 1755 in the expedition to Crown Point had a very trying time.

The Rev. Samuel Dunbar, on the 26th of September, 1755, having obtained the consent of his parish, set out on his journey to Lake George, as chaplain in the regiment of Colonel Brown. He remained in this position until December of the following year, when he returned to his people in good health.

Col. Samuel Miller, whose military district embraced the town of Stoughton, says that in 1755 (and two years later we have a list of his alarm-men, both young and those over sixty^{1) the town had three hundred and twenty enlisted soldiers; that the stock of ammunition consisted only of four half-barrels of powder, and lead and flints accordingly, which was but half of what the town should possess. The selectmen accordingly ordered a tax of £40 to be assessed to make good the deficiency.}

An article appeared in the warrant for the town meeting to be held December 6, "To see if the town desire Mr. Treasurer Hixson to prosecute the respective captains in this town who refuse to give him a reasonable and satisfactory account of the fine received of persons impressed for the late intended expedition against Crown Point." Passed in the affirmative.

The story of some of the Stoughton men who enlisted in his Majesty's service in the expedition to Crown Point is substantially the same.^{1 Elijah Esty (son of Jacob), Nathaniel Clark, Thomas Billings, John Wadsworth, William Patten, of Stephen Miller's company, James Bailey, Michael Woodcock, and James, son of Joseph Everett, were all taken sick in camp at Lake George. Some of them remained for weeks in the hospital at Albany, but for each of them a horse was purchased by their friends, and some one from Stoughton went out and brought them home. Joseph .Tucker, a minor, was brought home by his brother Uriah.}

John Redman took a wagon to go from Lake George to Albany; and for some reason the driver put him out of the vehicle in the wilderness, where, he affirms, he must have perished had not Sergt. Ralph Houghton, of Milton, happened to pass that way, who took pity on him, hired another wagon to carry him to Albany, and also lent him money to buy such things as were necessary.

Daniel Talbot and his son Amaziah both engaged in the Crown Point expedition. The son was taken sick at Half Moon, and the father hired a horse to bring them home; but at the house of one Isaac Davis, in "No. i," he died, and the father returned home alone. Amaziah was born Sept. 7, 1737, and was only seventeen at the time of his death. He was a grandson of Deacon Isaac Stearns.

Edward Curtis was a captain in Colonel Thacher's regiment, and was engaged in raising troops which he marched to Albany.

Josiah Perry re-enlisted in Major Miller's company, Col. Jonathan Bailey's regiment, December, 1756. He was discharged at Albany by reason of lameness, and was obliged to hire a horse to bring him to Stoughton.

Steward Esty, son of Edward and Elizabeth Esty, born June 18, 1730, went in the expedition to Crown Point in Colonel Brown's regiment, in the company of Capt. Edward Harrington. On his return home, he was taken sick at Springfield; and his father went after him, hired a horse, and brought him home. Mahew and Simeon Tupper were soldiers in Stephen Miller's company in the expedition to Crown Point.

Jonathan Kenney, Jr., of Stoughton, who died, 1756, in the hospital at Albany, in the service of his country, was the son of Jonathan and Grace (Liscom) Kenney, and was baptized May 13, 1726. He married Sarah Redman about 1750. He addressed, before leaving home, April 16, 1756, a letter of "advice " to his two children, Jonathan and Chloe. This was sealed with eight seals, and the gold ring of his wife, who had died some sixteen months previous, was enclosed. The "advice" was considered so excellent that it was printed; and a copy, yellow with age, and badly torn, is before me as I write. The writer urges his children "to mind the one thing needful, to beware of bad company, to avoid all sin, to read your books, especially the Bible, and be frequent at the public worship of God, especially when performed according to the rites and usages of the Church of England, etc." Samuel Lyon and ------ Badcock died at Lake George in February, 1756. William Jordan and Benjamin Tolman died at Halifax the same month and year.

In 1757 William Wheeler, Jr., and John Tolman were troopers in the troop commanded by Capt. Thomas Vose, and went with him to the relief of Fort William Henry.

Joseph Adlington (son of Mathew), went to Louisburg under Captain Chadburn, in Colonel Bayley's regiment. Ru-fus Hayward went to Crown Point in Samuel Jenks's company, and was taken down with small-pox. Simeon Fisher was a private in Capt. Sylvester Richmond's company, in Capt. John White's regiment, and died soon after the expiration of his time of service.

David Lyon enlisted in the campaign against Montreal in Samuel Richmond's company. At Ticonderoga he was attacked with small-pox, and did not return to Stoughton until January.

Benjamin Tupper was born in Sharon, on the nth of March, 1738. In 1754 he marched to the eastward in the company commanded by Capt. Nathan Perry. He entered the military service of the Revolution at the breaking out of the war, and received the appointment of major in the regiment of Colonel Fellows. Nov. 4, 1775, he was commissioned lieutenant-colonel of Ward's regiment, and appointed colonel of the Eleventh Regiment, July 7, 1777. He was present at the siege of Boston, was active and vigilant in the battles with Burgoyne, and at Monmouth had a horse shot under him. He rose by his own merits to the rank of brigadier-general by brevet, some time before the Continental army was disbanded. Ever active, vigilant, and brave, he was one of the enterprising and effective officers of that illustrious army which achieved our national independence. An incident which happened July 31, 1775, has been handed down to us by tradition. A number of workmen having been sent down to the lighthouse in Boston Harbor to repair it, under a guard of twenty-two marines and a subaltern, Major Tupper marched his men to Dorchester and there informed them that they were about to proceed down the harbor to drive the British troops off the islands. "Now," said the major, addressing his company, which consisted of about three hundred men, " if there is any one of you who is afraid and does not want to go with us, let him step two paces to the front;" and turning to the sergeant, he said, sotto voce, " If any man steps two paces to the front, shoot him on the spot." It is needless to add that every man kept his position. The troops, commanded by Major Tupper, proceeded from Dorchester down the Neponset River in whale-boats. They arrived at the lighthouse about two o'clock in the morning and attacked the guard, killing the officers and four privates. The remainder of the ministerial troops were captured, together with ten Tories, .who were immediately sent to Springfield jail. Being detained by the tide, the major on his return was himself attacked by several boats, but happily escaped with the loss of one man killed and one wounded. After the close of the Revolution he resided at Chesterfield, Mass., until 1788, when he removed to Ohio. The following year he was chosen judge of the Quarter Sessions, and presided in that court until his death, which occurred June 7, 1792. His history belongs to Sharon, and has been written by Mr. Solomon Talbot, of that town.

As early as 1730, I find David Thompson working on the bridge that crossed the brook near what is now the works of the Kinsley Iron and Machine Company. The next year he owned the covenant, was baptized, and in 1740 removed from Canton to Stoughton. In 1736, on the 18th of March, he was married to Mary, the daughter of Thomas and Mary (Houghton) Blackman, who lived nearly opposite the bury-ing-ground in Stoughton. This Mrs. Blackman's mother had a curious and interesting history. It is said that she married Ralph Houghton, Jr., and that at the age of twenty-eight she was at Jamaica, in the West Indies, at the time of the great earthquake in that island. The history of Dorchester gives the following extract from an old manuscript:

"In 1692 Mrs. Mary Horton, widow of Ralph Horton, was sunke in ye earthquake at Jemeco the seventh day of June, between Eleven and twelve a clock at nune. Y^e above named person was then 28 years of age from March y^e last past."

Another account says she heard and felt the earthquake, and rushed to the door; and as the place sunk in the water, she clung to the sill of the house, which separated from the building. She remained in the water three days and three nights, when a vessel passed by and she was taken on board. Her trunk of clothing floated within her reach and was saved. She afterward lived at a tavern in Dorchester, and waited on travellers. One day a stranger entered the tavern to put up for the night; she recognized him as her husband, and the shock was such that they both fainted,— he having supposed that she was lost in the earthquake, and she that he was lost at sea, being gone on a voyage at the time of the disaster. Another version of the story is that he was lost with her at Jamaica, and was picked up by another vessel.

They could not have been separated long, for Mary, their daughter, was born June 30, 1695, and was married to Thomas Blackman, March 23, 1714. In her old age Mrs. Houghton came to live with her daughter, and was so poor as to be assisted by the town. The house in which she

lived has long since disappeared. It stood on the westerly side of Pearl Street, nearly opposite the old house now standing, which was visited by the Canton Historical Society in 1881, and concerning the builder of which there was some question. An ancient record informs me that on the "ninth of April, 1767, the widow Mary Houghton died, aged one hundred and four years and eleven days; " and in an ancient diary kept by one of the fathers of the town I find this record: "April 10, 1767, Mrs. Mary Horton buried, aged one hundred and five years." The Boston " News Letter " says, " She had been very healthy, and retained her senses to the last." David Thompson, who married her daughter, had a son David, Jr., born Jan. 14, 1738. At the age of seventeen he was with General Winslow in Nova Scotia. Two years later, in 1757, he lost his left arm by a bomb at the storming of Fort William Henry by the French, under Montcalm. For his services he received a pension. He is well remembered by many now living, among others Mr. Ellis Ames, Mr. Jesse Holmes, Mr. Samuel Capen, Mr. William B. Trask, the latter of whom writes of him, —

" In our youthful days he used to make occasional visits at the home of one of his descendants in Dorchester. He had a form erect and commanding, and a firm and majestic step. His countenance was bright and expressive, and according to our impression he was one of the best specimens of an old soldier we ever saw. We used to look upon him with veneration, almost with awe, as a rare sight in those days, — a live soldier of the French War."

He received, in 1760, from his father, the house still standing just north of the old Stoughton Cemetery, said to be the second oldest house in that town. In 1765 he was recommended by the selectmen as a fit person to sell spirituous liquors. He asserts that his house is "accomodated " for the retailing of such refreshment, and he received his license accordingly.

David, the "one armed," died in 1836. He had a brother Ebenezer, born in 1742, who died Nov. 16, 1760, in his Majesty's service, at "y^{e westward," only eighteen years of age.}

There died in his Majesty's service at Lake George, Aug. 14, 1758, Isaac, son of Lieut. John and Kariah Holmes, aged nineteen; October 14, Jonas, son of Richard and Mary Stickney, aged eighteen; and July 30, Jeremiah, son of Richard and Sarah Hixson.

In 1759 John Spare and Jesse Tilson, both from the north part of Canton, were in the expedition to Halifax, of which they kept a diary. Jesse lived on Blue Hill Street, and died Jan. 9, 1769, aged fifty-six. Micah French was first lieutenant in Captain Carey's company, Abijah Willard's regiment. He raised a number of men for the expedition against Canada, served six months, and came home without leave.

The following soldiers from Stoughton were at Halifax this year, in Capt. Josiah Thacher's company, in Col. John Thomas's regiment: Ebenezer Allen, Ebenezer Dickerman, —discharged Nov. 8, 1759,—-Solomon Stickney, at Pisquet, June 24, 1760. Lieut. Thomas Penniman was absent in his Majesty's service this year.

Thomas, son of Thomas and Elizabeth (Clough) Glover, was conscripted into the service in the French and Indian War of 1755-59. William Monk became his substitute, and was at the taking of Quebec, under General Wolfe, and also at the battle on the Plains of Abraham, 1759. He came to Stoughton in 1748.

Isaac, son of Samuel Copeland, was a soldier in Captain Phillips's company, Colonel Frey's regiment.

John Spear (probably Spare) had a son John, who was a minor. He enlisted into the government service with Capt. Josiah Dun bar, in 1701., and was that fall drafted to Capt. Job Williams's company, to remain at Crown Point during the winter, the troops being enlisted on the 1st of July, 1762. At the expiration of this time, he re-enlisted with his captain until the ensuing fall, and returned home when the troops were dismissed from the service. He received about a quarter of his wages on Captain Dunbar's roll, and but a trifle on Captain Williams's. He was sick at Crown Point all the winter, which put him to a great expense, and continued sick after he was dismissed.

Robert Pritchard, formerly a member of the Second Battalion of Royal Scotch in North America, having been discharged as an invalid at Halifax, wandered in a poor and distressed condition to Stoughton, where his necessities were relieved by Mr. John Spare.

The process of bounty-jumping seems to have been understood in ancient as well as in modern times. Ebenezer Nightingale, who is recorded as having absconded about 1760, enlisted some two years after in his Majesty's service under Captain Bent. He went to the castle, received his bounty, and was described as being thirty-nine years of age, by occupation a farmer, "fairish complection, blew eyes, brown hair, and five feet six inches in height." With him went Ebenezer Allen, who was then twenty-one years of age, a native of Norton. He was a husbandman, of "dark complection, with dark eyes and black hair." Also men by the name of Buffington and Lemuel Kingman received the king's bounty. They all deserted on the night of May 18, 1762, and returned to Stoughton, where for some time they were secreted in the woods, food being furnished them by Tural and George Allen. A reward of £6 for their apprehension was immediately offered by Lieutenant-Colonel Gay, then in command at the castle. A detachment from the garrison visited Stoughton, and surrounded Mr. Ebenezer Stearns's old forge-house, where they were supposed to have taken refuge; but the birds had flown.

On the 17th of June, the same notice appears in the Boston "News Letter," with the additional information —

"that Ebenezer Nightingale and Lemuel Kingman have been heard of in Johnston, Rhode Island Government, where they were suspected of stealing, but got away into Scituate, in said government, and are said to be at the house of James Pettigrew. The said Nightingale calls himself John Spear."

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